In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mainly due to deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, made use of as a Uncooked content First soften (Czochralski technique) [186]. Accordingly, based upon its production technologies, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide array of compositions Nb2O5−x. https://bethd826nhf5.blogsidea.com/profile